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[LTA intro music]

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LiveTextAccess.

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Training for real-time
intralingual subtitlers.

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This is Unit 1.
Understanding accessibility.

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Element 3. Embedding accessibility
in working environments.

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In this video lecture, we show
a testimonial by D’Arcy McPherson,

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a real-time intralingual subtitler
from Canada,

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about real-time subtitles in parliament.

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My name is Piero Cavallo

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from the Internationale Hochschule
SDI München, in Germany.

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I have prepared this video lecture

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in collaboration with Rocío Bernabé Caro,
also from SDI München,

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and the European Federation
of Hard of Hearing, in short, EFHOH.

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On completion of the training sequence,
you will be able to advise customers

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about how to best set up an accessible
real-time working environment

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for persons with hearing loss

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in the trained working contexts
and settings.

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To achieve that,

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we will show testimonials
and interviews of professionals.

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The agenda is very short.

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First, I am going to introduce
our invited speaker, D’Arcy McPherson.

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Then, I will illustrate
the topics of the interview.

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Finally, we will end this video lecture
with a summary.

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First of all,
let me introduce you D’Arcy McPherson.

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D’Arcy McPherson is a broadcast captioner
and court reporter from Canada.

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During his career,
he also worked in other countries.

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He is now the director
of Hansard Services,

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at the Legislative Assembly
of British Columbia, in Canada.

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He uses a stenotype machine
to provide real-time subtitles.

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Let me give you some information
before watching the video.

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In this testimonial,

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D’Arcy starts talking about the key role
of real-time subtitlers

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in the parliamentary
and legislative contexts,

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also as an access service for all.

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Then, he briefly reviews

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how the making-process of subtitles
in these contexts work

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and the differences
between working on-site and online.

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Finally, he gives some suggestions
to future professionals.

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Ok, let’s watch the video now!

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Hello, my name is D'Arcy McPherson

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and I am the director
of Hansard Services

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at the Legislative Assembly
of British Columbia, in Canada.

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I've been asked to speak to you
a little bit today

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about accessibility
in the legislative setting.

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My role as the director:

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I oversee three different sections

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at the assembly.
One is the editing and reporting side,

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which produces the text debates

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of both the plenary session
and committees,

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to the publishing systems,

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which publishes
the parliamentary documents

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and post them online
in a variety of formats.

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And the third is
the broadcasting section,

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which disseminates
the live feed of both plenary

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and the committee broadcasts.

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It is an interesting dynamic
in the legislative assembly,

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because the role of captioning takes on

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a different meaning, I think,

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than it does
in most generally understood ways

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in terms of, say, broadcast
for live news or for a sporting event.

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Here we have the added dimension
of politicians.

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And, as a democratic institutions,

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politicians are strongly motivated
to want to share their message

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with as many people as possible,
in as many ways as possible.

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They are very happy
to have the closed captioning

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embedded in their video clips
that they send out

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through Twitter, or Facebook,

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or other methods of communicating
with their constituents.

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They communicate with us
on a daily basis to get those clips,

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so that they can share them

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and they want
the closed captioning in them

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because they want everyone
to be able to see and understand

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the words that they've said
in their speeches, or their questions,

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or the bills that have been passed,

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that are important to them
and the people they represent.

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Today I'm going to talk to you
a little bit

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about how we're accessible
in British Columbia

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and what I expect
from external captioning providers.

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The changes that we've seen
in recent months

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since the beginning of the pandemic
and how we've adapted during COVID-19.

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And then to talk
a little bit about training,

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and then hopefully provide
a little bit of advice.

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Or some suggestions,

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or things to consider.

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Just to begin in terms of how
we're accessible in British Columbia,

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as I said, we provide the text
in a variety of electronic formats

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XML, PDF, HTML,

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both through direct live feed
over satellite

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to every provider.

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There is an agreement
with the oversight body in Canada,

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which is called the CRTC,
which is a commission, which ensures

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that Canadian content reaches
broadcasters,

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and in turn Canadians.
So, as part of that agreement,

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legislatures and parliaments
are able to provide

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their video feeds for free,

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without commercial content,

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so that everyone who has
either cable or satellite

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has access to what their elected
representatives are doing

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in the various legislatures
and locations that they're sent to.

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That's an interesting approach,

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and I think it's probably mimicked
in a lot of areas.

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But it creates a slightly different
dynamic for the captioners

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that provide the information.

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Because whatever we broadcast
has to be captioned by regulation.

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We do that and we engage
an external provider

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in order to provide those captions.

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When the sitting is happening,

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there's someone who's sitting
actually one province over,

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most of the time in Alberta,
which is where the main hub

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of the people
who provide our captions are.

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And they assign it to different people,

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and when the live proceedings
are happening,

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the person is sitting
most of the time in their home

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and setting out the data
through an encoder,

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back to our broadcaster who disseminates
the information to the screen.

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From the time the words are spoken,
until the person writes them

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on their shorthand machine
sends it back to us through the encoder,

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it does take about two seconds
before the words are on the screen.

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So, as you're as you're viewing
the screen, you see the words.

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For us, that's how that functions.

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And we're a fully independent
broadcasting unit.

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That gives us a lot of...

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a lot of authority
in terms of communication

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with the external provider.

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And also to make sure
that our clients are,

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at least our main stakeholders,

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that their needs are met.

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That's very important to us.

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When it comes to reporting,

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what we do is,
we take the closed captioning,

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the data that's been sent with that,
and we filter it through a macro

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that takes out all of the capitalization

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and the chirons,
those two little chevron type marks

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that indicate new speakers,
and it converts it into a Word file,

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so that we can begin
our editing process.

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That also happens simultaneously

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and is broken down
in one-minute components

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that are then compiled
into five-minute chunks of time

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that are matched with sound.
And then our editors begin their work.

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The closed captioning is perused
very carefully,

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word for word, and...

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compared against the sound.

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For the closed captioners
there's a little bit more stress

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because they know
that whatever they write

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is going to be reviewed

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at a granular level

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in order for us
to then produce the debate.

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They try very hard
to do their very best,

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to give us a quality product.

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that we won't have to massage as much
when we're producing our debates.

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It speeds up our process
and it works very well for us.

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After the editors review the work,

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at the first level,

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within one hour of words being spoken,

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they're posted

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in the first edit form that hasn't gone
through its various other filters.

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But it's definitely
a high quality product.

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It will just be refined further
for things such as,

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references to documents that are quoted,

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or place names that may be obscure

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or language references.
We have a lot of first languages--

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first nations languages
that are spoken in British Columbia.

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we have a department
that focuses on ensuring

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that those spellings are accurate
and respectful of first languages

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protocol and cultural elements.

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That is a slightly different way
to approach captioning.

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But it really does work for us.

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it's been really helpful

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to bring my experience
as a broadcast captioner to this role.

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To really be able to communicate
when things are going wrong.

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If things go wrong,
usually they go right.

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It's exciting to use captions,
to begin the editing process for debates.

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There are a few jurisdictions in Canada
that do that.

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And we're one of them
and we're really pleased that we are.

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So, changes during COVID.

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Like many legislatures,

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we were...

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directed not to have the same number
of people in the chamber

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because it was not safe.

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And so we needed to ensure
physical distancing was maintained.

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We established a system of having

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about 60 to 70 percent of the people
who would normally be in the chamber

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wiring in remotely.

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so that we would have a Zoom account
and they would be...

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giving their speeches and communicating
to the other people involved via Zoom.

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That created a greater distance
and there were some challenges with that.

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Some people were much more familiar
with technologies, so that was easier,

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some people weren't and...

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that was a little bit
of a learning curve

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for some of our members,
but in the end it did work.

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Our department was closely involved

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with ensuring
that members had the right technology

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and the right training
in order to be able to participate fully

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in their roles
as elected representatives.

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Now today we continue that process

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it has the added benefit of allowing
people not to have to commute every week

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from distant regions
of British Columbia,

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where it can take some time,
7 or 8 hours in transit.

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It saves the members
a lot of time that way.

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Many others are still able
to participate in their roles.

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One of the interesting things
that's happened

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in this hybrid process and using Zoom,

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is that there's a lot less heckling.

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As the reporter is doing the captions,

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before COVID
there would be a lot of crosstalk

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as is often evidenced
in many legislatures

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if someone says something that one
political party doesn't agree with,

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that party will...

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express their opinions loudly

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and that can make it challenging
for the person who's trying to take down

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the person who's speaking.

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Now, with the hybrid system,

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there is a lot less heckling
because people are muted.

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That makes for a cleaner transcript
and less stress for the captioner.

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It's interesting: there are times when
the presiding officer, our speaker,

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has to remind members not to do that...

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type of grandstanding

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or loud intervention into a microphone.

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And not only is it not useful for...

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the actual process
that we're using with Zoom,

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it also makes it really hard
for the audio.

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If someone is yelling something
over Zoom,

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And--

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their voice becomes very loud,

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it throws off the audio

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and can be very damaging
to the people who are listening

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to that sound, to have
the volume fluctuate at those levels.

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COVID has had one benefit

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in terms of being able to...

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enhance the decorum of the chamber.

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That's been really nice to see
and it's been welcome.

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And hopefully
that will be carried forward.

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In terms of training,
one of the interesting things

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has been that it's actually improved
our training systems.

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When we are training people,

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we're doing it from a distance
and using multiple screens.

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The person who's mentoring
or training is communicating

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to the person who's being reviewed

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and they're looking at their screens
through screen shares,

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and able to communicate
with them that way.

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It's actually
a much less stressful environment.

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It's actually better to learn.

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That was one of the unexpected things
that we've experienced here,

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is for new people coming in

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we've been able to have
that additional level of access

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in a less stressful way,
but also encourages learning.

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We've seen a definite trend

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in terms of transmitting
that learning into action,

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in this more physically distanced way.

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I don't know if that's because
editors or reporters

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tend to prefer people at a distance,

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but it's certainly
something that we've noticed.

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And welcomed.

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That's basically our system
at the legislature,

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00:16:54,593 --> 00:16:55,959
and what I wanted to share with you.

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00:16:58,975 --> 00:17:01,428
The access element of...

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captioning that we provide
through an external service

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00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:09,094
is something that we've had
a lot of really good feedback from,

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not only from people
who are Hard of Hearing

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who are often in contact with us
and really appreciate the level

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and quality of the captions
that we produce,

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but it's also used...

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in a variety of other ways.

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The closed captioning
that comes up on the screens

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means that people who are in gyms,

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right now gyms are open here,

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they're able to follow the proceedings
if they're on the screen

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and in the gym and following along.

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People who are
political assistants can...

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can follow along the debate
without having to have the sound on.

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00:17:51,302 --> 00:17:52,501
They find that very useful.

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00:17:52,828 --> 00:17:55,503
And then members transmit
that information

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through social media
and in an accessible format

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that is also appreciated
by their constituents.

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We tend not to use ASL except
in specific circumstances.

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But it's something that for...

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00:18:12,468 --> 00:18:15,928
bigger events such as the opening
of parliament or a speech on the throne,

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we also include ASL.

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I'd like to see more of it but,

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at this point, it's not something
that's provided on a regular basis.

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But it's hopefully something
that will be going in that direction.

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In terms of the advice that I can offer
to people who may be interested

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00:18:37,570 --> 00:18:39,007
in either reporting

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00:18:40,258 --> 00:18:41,654
in legislatures,

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00:18:43,795 --> 00:18:47,914
or for broadcast captioning,
or who may have to caption legislatures,

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I would recommend and highly stress

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00:18:52,499 --> 00:18:55,476
the need to maintain constant practice,

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00:18:55,800 --> 00:18:57,935
be vigilant, do your research,

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be prepared,

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00:19:01,470 --> 00:19:05,764
and bring the best you that you can
to the job.

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00:19:07,349 --> 00:19:09,023
That is the most important part.

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00:19:09,407 --> 00:19:10,441
And being...

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00:19:11,957 --> 00:19:16,751
agile and flexible is what
any employer would be looking for.

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00:19:17,196 --> 00:19:18,561
I think that

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00:19:18,862 --> 00:19:22,522
anyone coming into the profession
will have a long and successful career,

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if they adhere to those basic tenets.

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So, with that I will say good luck
and thank you for listening.

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And stay safe.

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The summary.

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To sum up,

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we can say that real-time subtitlers
have an important role in politics,

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00:19:45,323 --> 00:19:48,245
because politicians
are strongly motivated

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00:19:48,546 --> 00:19:50,558
to want to share their message,

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00:19:51,003 --> 00:19:56,003
with as many people as possible,
and in many ways as possible.

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00:19:56,909 --> 00:19:57,909
Because of that,

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00:19:58,370 --> 00:20:02,698
the communication between politicians
and real-time subtitlers

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00:20:03,105 --> 00:20:05,230
happens on a daily-basis.

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00:20:05,917 --> 00:20:10,050
Also, everyone can benefit
from real-time subtitles,

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00:20:10,628 --> 00:20:13,472
as they represent
an access service for all

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00:20:13,773 --> 00:20:16,753
and help to be actively involved
in society.

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We have also seen

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that the subtitles produced
pass through different stages,

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from its production, to the editing
and their publication,

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00:20:28,159 --> 00:20:31,948
and are published in a variety
of digital formats.

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00:20:32,777 --> 00:20:38,331
Then, we have seen that working online
from home has its pros and cons.

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00:20:38,632 --> 00:20:43,441
But in general, this has helped
professionals to work more efficiently.

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00:20:44,730 --> 00:20:47,698
Finally, D’Arcy shared with us
some suggestions

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00:20:47,999 --> 00:20:50,784
for future professionals
entering in this field.

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00:20:51,488 --> 00:20:55,058
He highlighted the need to maintain
a constant practice,

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00:20:55,386 --> 00:20:58,542
be prepared,
and bring the best you can to the job.

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00:20:59,253 --> 00:21:03,206
Also, being agile
and flexible are useful skills

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00:21:03,507 --> 00:21:05,566
that professionals should have.

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00:21:07,448 --> 00:21:08,613
Exercises.

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00:21:09,628 --> 00:21:13,698
The exercises for this video lecture are
in the Trainer’s Guide

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00:21:13,999 --> 00:21:15,542
and the PowerPoint file.

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00:21:16,448 --> 00:21:22,448
[LTA outro music]

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00:21:27,097 --> 00:21:29,409
LTA - LiveTextAccess.

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00:21:30,175 --> 00:21:32,777
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

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00:21:33,761 --> 00:21:36,886
SDI - Internationale Hochschule.

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00:21:37,972 --> 00:21:41,519
Scuola Superiore
per Mediatori Linguistici.

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00:21:42,738 --> 00:21:44,386
2DFDigital.

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00:21:45,456 --> 00:21:48,722
The European Federation
of Hard of Hearing People - EFHOH.

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00:21:49,863 --> 00:21:50,886
VELOTYPE.

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00:21:51,816 --> 00:21:53,105
SUB-TI ACCESS.

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00:21:54,308 --> 00:21:59,198
European Certification
and Qualification Association - ECQA.

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00:22:02,683 --> 00:22:06,581
Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union.

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00:22:08,542 --> 00:22:10,136
Erasmus+ Project:

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00:22:10,800 --> 00:22:22,557
2018-1-DE01-KA203-004218.

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00:22:23,863 --> 00:22:27,261
The information and views
set on this presentation

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00:22:27,613 --> 00:22:29,308
are those of the authors

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00:22:29,609 --> 00:22:33,081
and do not necessarily reflect
the official opinion

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00:22:33,382 --> 00:22:34,745
of the European Union.

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00:22:35,839 --> 00:22:39,448
Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

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00:22:40,011 --> 00:22:42,706
nor any person acting on their behalf

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00:22:43,284 --> 00:22:45,823
may be held responsible for the use

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00:22:46,297 --> 00:22:49,664
which may be made
of the information contained here.